Generating Ideas: Applied and Academic Research (with Ben Jones). Slides from a discussion prepared for the "Innovation and Early Stage Ideas" Conference, Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, December 2006.

Nasty, Brutish, and Short: Embeddedness Failure in the Pharmaceutical Industry (resubmitted, with Nelson Repenning and Ezra Zuckerman, November 2009).

Incentives and Creativity: Evidence from the Academic Life Sciences (submitted, with Gustavo Manso and Joshua Graff Zivin). Also NBER Working Paper #15466.

Social Influence Given (Partially) Deliberate Matching: Career Imprints in the Creation of Academic Entrepreneurs (submitted, with Chris Liu and Toby Stuart).

Drugs, $$, and Drug Development: The Rise of For-Profit Experimental Medicine (Third Draft, April 2008, with Ariel Fishman).

Technological Innovation and Organizations (with Josh Lerner. In preparation for the Handbook of Organizational Economics, edited by Robert Gibbons and John Roberts).

A Portfolio Approach to Transaction-Costs Economics (Revised, August 2004).

Medical Progress and Health Care Financing: Research in Academic Medical Centers Following the 1997 Medicare Cuts (July 2003, with Abigail Tay).